Installation & Operationalization of Multi-Hazard /Disaster Emergency Operations Center (EOC)
Installation of Multi-Hazard Early Warning System (MHEWS) in African Center of Meteorological Applications for Development (ACMAD) at Niamey, Niger.
Design and Implementation by : Z M Sajjadul Islam , International Consultant – Multi-hazard Early Warning Expert of ACMAD
[ This content is strictly copyrighted by Z M Sajjadul Islam, Multi-hazard early warning Expert. For detailed knowledge, system design, ICT Technologies, Geospatial & IT Programmatic coding, and other issues related to multi-hazard early warnings please email : zmsajjad@yahoo.com. Call at WhatsApp : +88 01711 979179 , Skype : zmsajjad ]
1.0 Chapter: Introduction and Objective………………………………………………………………………………… 8
1.2 Objective of the establishment of Multi-Hazard Early Warning System (MHEWS)…………….. 8
3.0 Current structure and Process of ACMAD…………………………………………………………………………. 10
3.1 About ACMAD:…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 10
3.2 ACMAD Vision :………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 11
3.3 ACMAD Major Areas of Interventions :……………………………………………………………………. 11
3.4 ACMAD Organogram:………………………………………………………………………………………….. 12
3.5 ACMAD capacity improvement programme for the stakeholders :………………………………… 13
3.6 ACMAD institutional linkages………………………………………………………………………………… 13
3.7 Current product and services……………………………………………………………………………….. 13
3.8 ACMAD role as continental impact-based multi-hazard advisory center………………………… 14
3.9 Different products of impact-based early warning…………………………………………………….. 15
3.10 CIMA Foundation Technical Supports for ACMAD…………………………………………………… 15
3.12 Updating of emergency operational plan and implementation………………………………… 15
3.13 ACMAD status of Rapid on-set extreme weather forecasting……………………………………. 15
3.14 Coordination mechanism of data exchange(inter-operability)……………………………………. 15
3.15 ACMAD stakeholders, partners are benefitting from ACMAD delivered services……………. 16
4.1 Upgraded Muti-hazard Continental Advisory Center (Continental advisory center ):……….. 18
4.2 CIMA Foundation Technical Supports for ACMAD……………………………………………………… 18
4.3 Installation and operationalization of myDEWETRA platform……………………………………… 19
4.4 Hydrometeorological analytical tools for MHEW Continental advisory center :………………. 19
4.5 Proposed activities for the multi-hazard risk and vulnerability analysis:……………………….. 19
4.6 Proposed coordination mechanism of data exchange at the continental and regional level 20
5.0 UNDRR support for establishment of Muti-hazard Continental Advisory Center……………………………. 21
5.1 Enhance the capacity of ACMAD in multi-hazard risk-informed tool development………….. 21
5.2 The objective of upgrading the ACMAD Muti-hazard Continental Advisory Center :………… 22
6.0 ICT structures of ACMAD Weather Watch Center:……………………………………………………………….. 23
6.1 Components of ACMAD Center……………………………………………………………………………… 23
6.2 Proposed additional infrastructures & tools for data access and process services…………… 24
6.2 PUMA Nowcasting input satellites, types, and functions :…………………………………………. 25
6.3 The main component Muti-hazard Continental Advisory Center (Continental advisory center ) 27
6.4 Proposed Data Linkage with Tropical Storm warning center at La Réunion :………………….. 29
6.5 Data Linkage with AUC, ICPAC, RECs, NHMS, Emergency management Focal Point:…………. 29
6.6 Proposed Data Linkage with WMO designated center:………………………………………………. 29
7.0 Muti-hazard Continental Advisory Center interoperability……………………………………………………… 31
7.1 The myDEWETRA 2.0 System Installation :………………………………………………………………. 31
7.2 Usability of myDEWETRA in Climate and disaster risk management :…………………………… 32
7.3 Usability of myDEWETRA in ACMAD’s Multi-hazard Forecasting, Risk & Vulnerability Analysis : 37
7.4 Multi-hazard early warning product development process :……………………………………… 37
7.5 Types of Products is intended to produce:……………………………………………………………… 38
8.0 The standard operating procedure (SOP) of MHEWS Center……………………………………………………. 39
8.1 Standard Operating Procedures ( SOP) of Muti-hazard Continental Advisory Center………… 40
8.2 Defined Roles under Standard Operating Procedures ( SOP)………………………………………… 41
8.3 Weather Observation Process :……………………………………………………………………………… 42
8.4 Forecast & Bulleting Development Process ::……………………………………………………………. 43
8.5 Forecasting Process :…………………………………………………………………………………………. 43
8.6 SOP on developing Alert Level……………………………………………………………………………… 48
8.7 Showcases myDEWETRA platform………………………………………………………………………… 49
8.8 Weather forecasting with myDEWETRA platform……………………………………………………… 53
8.9 myDEWETRA data harmonization for risk-informed tools development process…………….. 59
8.10 An Integrated Approach on Multi-hazard Early Warnings and Products Development ……….
process………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 66
8.11 Steps of Product development process………………………………………………………………….. 66
8.12 Types of Products and Services being intended……………………………………………………….. 67
9.14 Forecast Verification :………………………………………………………………………………………… 69
9.0 Coordination Mechanism for Data Exchange……………………………………………………………………… 70
9.1 Purpose of the Multi-hazard Early Warning Data Coordination Mechanism……………………. 70
9.2 Objectives of the Data Coordination & Exchange Mechanism………………………………………. 71
9.4 Actionable coordination Mechanism for Data Exchange……………………………………………. 74
9.5 Roles of AUC for the coordination…………………………………………………………………………. 77
9.6 Roles of RECs Level coordination…………………………………………………………………………… 77
9.7 Roles of ACMAD level………………………………………………………………………………………… 77
9.8 Roles of ICPAC level…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 78
9.9 Roles of Member States………………………………………………………………………………………. 78
9.10 Proposed coordination mechanism with WMO designated RSMC/RCC :……………………… 78
9.10 Recommendations of Coordination mechanism of data exchange……………………………… 79
9.11 ACMAD Products and Services for DRM………………………………………………………………………….. 81
9.12 ACAMD Products and services for coordinating multi-hazard preparedness planning :………………….. 81
9.13 Data Dissemination & Feedbacks Receiving Mechanism……………………………………………………… 93
9.14 The necessity of launching MHEWS web portal………………………………………………………. 93
9.15 Social journalism/Citizen through social media………………………………………………………. 93
9.16 Messaging with Telegram Apps…………………………………………………………………………… 93
9.17 Instance Messaging, voice /video calling :……………………………………………………………… 93
9.18 Uses of national media outlets and Community Radio…………………………………………….. 93
9.19 Some simplified users of MHEWS………………………………………………………………………… 94
10.0 Conclusion and Recommendations 95
Acronym
ACMAD African Centre of Meteorological Application for Development
ACPC African Climate Policy Centers
AEMET The State Meteorological Agency
AfDB African Development Bank
AMM Africa Media Monitor
ANECA Agencia Nacional de Evaluación de la Calidad y Acreditación
AU African Union
AUC African Union Commission
CBO Community Based Organization
CCDU Climate change & desertification Unit
CDSF Climate Development Special Fund
CEMAC Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa
CEN–SAD Community of Sahel–Saharan States
CILSS Interstate Committee for Drought Monitoring in the Sahel
SIMMS The Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies
COMESA Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa
CPC Climate Prediction Center
CSIS Climate Services Information System
CSO Civil Services Organizations
CW Continental Watch
DCPC Data Collection or Processing Center
DRM Disaster Risk Management
DRR Disaster Risk Reduction
EAC East African Community
EAMAC African School of Meteorology and Civil Aviation
ECA Economic Commission of Africa
ECCAS Economic Community of Central African States
ECMWF European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts
ECOWAS Economic Community of West African States
EMI European Meteorological Infrastructure
EOC Emergency Operations Center
EUMETSAT European Union Meteorological Satellite
EWEA Early Warning for Early Action
EWS Early Warning System
FY2E /FY2G/ Fengyun-4B Meteorological satellite Fengyun-4B
GFCS Global Framework for Climate Services
GFCS Global Framework for Climate Services
GLOFAS Global Flood Awareness System
GOES Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES)
GOESW/ GOESE The Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite
GTS Global Telecommunication System
ICPAC IGAD Climate Prediction and Application Center
ICRISAT International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics
ICT Information and communication technology
IFRC International Federation of Red Cross
IGAD Intergovernmental Authority on Development
IGAD Intergovernmental Authority on Development
IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
IRD Institut de Recherche pour le Dévéloppement
IRI International Research Institute for Climate and Society
JASON2 The Jason-2/3 and Ocean Surface Topography Mission
LSAF Satellite Application Facility on Land Surface Analysis
METOP Meteorological Operational Satellite Program of Europe
MFI Meteo France International
MHEWS Multi-Hazard Early Warning System
MODIS Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer
MS Member States
MSG – AFR Meteosat Second Generation (MSG)
MSG- IODC Meteosat Second Generation Indian Ocean Data Coverage
MSGAFR- MPEF Meteosat Meteorological Product Extraction Facility (MPEF)
NBA Niger Basin Authority
NDMO National Disaster Management Organizations
NGO Non Government Organzation
NGO Non Government Organizations
NHMS National Hydrological and Meteorological Services
NMHS National Meteorological and Hydrological Services
NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
OCHA United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
PoA Programme of Action
PUMA Preparation for the Use of Meteosat in Africa
RARS Regional Advanced Retransmission System
RCC Regional Climate Center
RCOFs Regional Climate Outlook Forums
RDT Rapidly Developing Thunderstorm
RDT Rapid Developing Thunderstorm
RECs Regional Economic Communities
RSMC Regional Specialized Meteorological Center
SADC Southern African Development Community
SARAL Satellite with ARgos and ALtiKa
SAWIDRA Satellite and Weather Information for Disaster Resilience in Africa
SDG Sustainable Development Goals
SFDRR Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction
SoD Standing Orders on Disasters
SOPs Standard Operating Procedures
UKMO UK Meteorological Office
EMI European Meteorological Infrastructure (EMI)
UMA Arab Maghreb Union
UN United Nations Agencies
UNDP United Nations Development Programme
UNECA United Nations Economic Commission for Africa
VITO Belgium Remote Sensing Satellite
WHO World Heath Organizaiton
WIS World Meteorological Organization Information System
WMO World Meteorological Organization
WMS Weather Monitoring Services
1.0 Chapter: Introduction and Objective
Climate risks and vulnerabilities over the African continent are being characterized as multifaceted and climate extremes are increasingly transitioning into rapid on-set events. The weather and climate system over the African continent becoming an erratic pattern with increasing temperatures, changing precipitation patterns and more extreme weather are threatening food and water security, livelihoods and assets, public health, human security, safety, and socio-economic development in Africa. Improving climate risk governance and coordination across the institutions & stakeholders and putting strategic Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) mechanisms in place is becoming the priority issue.
Recognizing the looming consequences of climate extremes, the establishment of a Multi-Hazard Early Warning System (MHEWS) for the African Union regions is recognized as the cornerstone for giving solutions to the impending multi-hazard early warnings for the member states and humanitarian actors. Essentially, with UNDRR support the African Union (AU) member states developed a new Programme of Action (PoA) for the implementation of MHEWS by aligning the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (SFDRR) 2015-2030 mandates for reducing the substantial reduction of disaster risk and losses in lives, livelihoods, health, the economies, assets (physical, social, cultural and environmental), businesses, communities and countries as a whole. The robust and innovative Early Warning Systems (EWS) will enable stakeholders and individuals to get prepared to respond to climate extremes. Prevailing the current set of climatic perturbations and to tackle to impacts, the duty bearer, the stakeholders, and the actors on the ground need for improved understanding of disaster risk in all its dimensions of exposure, vulnerability, and hazard characteristics; the strengthening of disaster risk governance, including national platforms; accountability for disaster risk management; preparedness to “Build Back Better”.
1.2 Objective of the establishment of Multi-Hazard Early Warning System (MHEWS)
African Union (AU) and its sub-organs need readily available tailor-made risk-informed tools for readiness to comprehensive disaster risk management, manifesting the policy implications at the supply side for improving disaster risk governance and risk-informed sustainable development planning. Objectives of the MHEWS as follows;
Establish an agile and interactive early warning system at all levels to facilitate mitigation, response, and recovery to increasing frequency and intensity of natural hazards.
- Strengthen Africa’s participation in global weather and climate programs;
- Generating early warning on national leadership and disseminating Early warnings of impending hazards to relevant stakeholders, DRM focal points, humanitarian actors, vulnerable communities, and individuals for getting them prepared for the impending disasters.
- Instrumentalizing AUC to being enables to provide prompt advisories on early actions to undertaken by the AUC organs, sub-organs, continental, regional body and national focal points for preparedness, response, recovery of impending natural disasters.
- Analyzing data from the recent disasters already occurred such as cyclone, flood , flash flood, on the continent, and hazards such as droughts, floods, tropical storms and cyclones, pests and epidemics have constantly affected more than one country simultaneously. Even where such hazards occur locally, the severity in which these events have manifested could easily overwhelm localized response.
- Acquisition of weather parameters observation and forecast data, analyses with myDEWETRA platform, interpreting risk information relevant to impact based Early Warning for the taking early actions to stakeholders.
- EWS for Early Action and Trans-boundary Risk Management.
- Establish data coordination mechanism among African countries for improve access to climate information and services.
- Anchoring other regional flood early warning, food security early warning, drought early warning, famine early warning with ACMAD system and instrumentalize with meteorological hazards warning over a hybrid early warning and continental advisories.
- Capacity building of African States to strengthen their early warning systems, including multi-hazard and impact based early warning with priority on hydrological and meteorological systems and the delivery of services in understandable manner to end-users for enhanced preparedness, response, recovery and reconstruction.
- Enhance UNDRR collaborated with the AU Commission and other partners to mobilize resources for the establishment of Multi-Hazard Early Warning System (MHEWS).
3.0 Current structure and Process of ACMAD
ACMAD is a WMO Regional Climate Centre with capabilities to provide services for Disaster Risk Reduction. ACMAD was established to act as a continental reference center in meteorology and to promote its applications for the development of Africa. It was created in 1987 by the Conference of Ministers of the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA) and the World Meteorological Organisation (WMO). ACMAD has been operational in Niamey since 1992. ACMAD is composed of 53 Member States, the 53 countries of the “Africa” continent. To ensure its mission, ACMAD functions primarily with meteorologists detached by its member states.
The Centre is headed by the Director-General (DG) and the core service deliveries of the centers are to develop evidence-based weather, climate, water, and related environmental information that are essential for the implementation of SDGs and AU agenda 2063, is mandated to operate as the African RCC according to WMO international standards and positioning for climate action and governance over the continental level. ACMAD has over 34 years of experience in weather, climate, and related environmental services for planning and action and developing specialized weather forecasts, and weather outlooks for supporting risk-informed development in Africa. ACAMD supports all African Union member countries for capacity building of the meteorologist by imparting on-job training and secondment.
ACAMD’s role has become essential for the implementation of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the Paris Agreement, and the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction in Africa, therefore, contributing to the African strategy on meteorology and the agenda 2063 of the African Union on “the Africa we want”. The need for enhanced and urgent climate action and governance on water, food, and energy security has been recognized at the highest global, continental and regional political levels.
International climate finance available for Africa is increasing, yet the continent has insufficient capacity to effectively access it. ACMAD has been sustained by a few member states’ contributions. In addition, since UNECA is considered the mature state of ACMAD, there is a need to improve governance and management systems to adequately handle its continental mandate. The previous ACMAD strategy (2010-2015) made some significant contributions but there is a need to develop a new strategy (2020-2023)[1] to address the current realities.
3.1 About ACMAD:
Who :
ACMAD was created in 1985 through resolution 540 of the UNECA Conference of Ministers of Economy and Finance for the purpose of acting as continental weather /climate watch and center of excellence for the applications of meteorology for development.
What :
This continental center enables provision of weather/climate monitoring, forecasts and reginal early warning on drought, tropical cyclones and other extreme weather /climate events
It builds capacity, develops methods and tools, strengthens Africa’s contribution to global weather and climate prorammes, establishes and shares database and undertakes research in meteorology.
How:
ACMAD provides products, information, knowledge, advices, methods and tools competencies and capabilities contributing to the implementation of the agenda 2063 of the AU, the African strategies on climate change , disaster risk reduction, and relevant sustainable development goals with emphasis
on goal # 13 on combating climate change. ACAMD enables NMHSs to benefit from funded programmes through continental projects with NMHSs as the main target group.
Why :
Whether and climate events has been identified as the most likely and impactful hazards on the economy and society. The economic impacts of recent droughts in Africa (i.e. 2015 ) and reached 2% of Gross Domestic Product in some African countries reducing by half hydropower production. National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHSs) lack capacity to better prepare and deliver information required to increase resilience to disasters and adapt to climate change. ACMAD is requested to build capacity of NMHSs and regional centers to provide weather and climate services to reduce disaster impacts. It provides continental scale forecasts, advices and warning to the African Union., Regional Economic Communities ( RECS) and humanitarian organization’s for the contingency plans update and implementation.
3.2 ACMAD Vision :
To be a world class continental operational centre of excellence supporting all African countries to be well resilient to extreme events with increased ability to adapt to climate change impacts.
[1] http://154.66.220.45:8080/thredds/catalog/ACMAD/DG/statutorydocs/catalog.html
3.3 ACMAD Major Areas of Interventions :
- The role is to operate as Regional Climate Center of Africa
- Mandate over the 54 countries
- Support to run Regional Climate Outlook Forums(RCOFs)
- Coordination with the African Union, African Union Commission, and other relevant pan-African bodies (e.g. Pan-African parliament)
- Capacity support to RCCs for them to play a full role as RCC (capacity transfer, schedule, and plan)
- Maintenance of Pan-African hydro-met database, and baseline count of observation networks in Africa
- Continental Weather and Climate Modeling Impact modeling
- User-tailored services at the continental scale
Figure 1 : ACMAD Organogram
3.5 ACMAD capacity improvement programme for the stakeholders :
- Improved capacity to deliver “tailored” Weather & climate information services and products
- Improved capacity in the user community to effectively use and demand weather/climate information.
- Increased awareness and demand of weather & climate risk management techniques
- Improved contribution to effective early warning and response systems for climate‐related hazards
(Vulnerability aspects, relations with SNMHS, Regional Centers, CILSS,FEWSNET, IFRC, UNICEF…. )
- Improved communications and dialogue with Medias
- Specialized training to relevant professional and development practitioners in Africa;
- Appropriate research, data, and networking facilities to research programmes in Africa.
3.7 Current product and services
Table 1: Several products being produced by ACMAD
| Weather Watch & Forecasting Department | Climate & Development Department | Weather & Climate Research & Innovation Division | |
| A Daily Severe Weather Forecast Bulletin with continent-wide coverage and valid for 3 days; A continental-scale daily weather forecast bulletin for the general public, and distributed in both French and English; | Decadal Precipitation in % 7-day Rainfall Monitoring Bulletin, in which the previous 7-day rainfall events area summarized and the forecast is issued for the next 7 days; Vigilance Bulletin for Africa valid for 7days designed for DRM; | SASA_SASF_Bulletin WASA_WASF_Bulletin MODEL OUTPUTS UKMO on EUMETCAST Africa Wave Watch III Model | |
| Weather Watch & Forecasting Department | Climate & Development Department | Weather & Climate Research & Innovation Division | |
| Continental Watch Daily rainfall observation RDT, nowcasting (hourly to 24 hours), dust storm etc Maximum daily Temperature forecast: D-1; D; D+1; D+2; D+3 ITD & ITCZ positions Heavy rain / flood risk Daily Forecast Vigilance Bulletin for Africa valid for 3days designed for DRM; | Monthly drought monitoring and seasonal climate forecasts discussions and briefings highlighting the major climate features of the past 3 to 6 months and providing the climate outlook for the coming 3 to 4 months Weekly monitoring rainfall Weekly Forecast Long range forecasting product for Africa Vigilance Meningitis bulletin Dekadal Climate Bulletin Monthly climate bulletin Climate and health bulletin Hazard Outlook | RM3 Analysis and forecast of key elements characterizing the West African monsoon; Regional analysis and forecast of synoptic elements and atmosphere dynamics for Southern Africa and Western Africa region. |
3.8 ACMAD role as continental impact-based multi-hazard advisory center
The setup of a multi-hazard advisory center at ACMAD center is expected to be improving impact-based multihazard early warning system, analysis of extreme weather forecasts and multi-hazards with myDEWETRA and analytical GIS tools, and develop riks informed weather and climate information service delivery for the promotion of sustainable development of Africa. The improved continental advisory center will be able to provide support services for analysis of the extreme weather-induced multi-hazards exposures, risks, and vulnerabilities over the vulnerable sectors, vulnerable groups, and risk-informed development tools for the decision-making process.
Pertinent to performing the technical early warning operations and standard operation of the continental advisory center ACMAD will be able to produce extreme weather based continental watch (CW ) with the fixed schedule agreed for the continent
The second part of the process of continental advisory center to supplement AUC an event Situation Report (abbreviated as SitRep) highlighting the standing conditions of an on-set of just the disasters triggered by extreme weather events, over the ongoing or potentially be impending hazard events, (e.g., an approaching Tropical Cyclone), the incrementally to intensifying of flooding situation or fresh flooding to down streams territories, etc. SitRep should be prepared immediately after the disaster event (or in advance in case of any hydro-meteorological events, e.g. Tropical Cyclones) or pre-emptive to trigger a hazard event to disaster.
The African Union commission continental advisory center will be responsible for the collection of information, analysis of the information, and dissemination of the reports to all stakeholders or the general public when deemed to do so.
3.9 Different products of impact-based early warning
ACMAD expected to serving following products for the purposes of impact-based early warning ; a) Continental Watch
3.10 CIMA Foundation Technical Supports for ACMAD
The CIMA foundation will support procurement of infrastructures ( hardware and software) for risk analysis hazard monitoring and forecasting, prevention, preparation and response planning as component of MHEWS. Specific support for risk profile and assessment is expected.
3.11 Support from AUC Africa Media Monitor (AMM) on communication for emergency operational planning
ACMAD need to establish communication with Africa Media Monitor (AMM) at AUC to develop the catalogue of what the demand-driven climate-informed tools for disaster operational planning, e.g. what type of forecast will be supportive for emergency preparedness, response, and recovery planning.
3.12 Updating of emergency operational plan and implementation
Based on monitoring and forecasting products disaster management and civil protection body will be responsible for preparing , updating and implementation of emergency plans.
3.13 ACMAD status of Rapid on-set extreme weather forecasting
ACMAD providing RDT, nowcasting (hourly to 24 hours), dust storm etc. For the rapid on-set weather forecasting,
A Daily Severe Weather Forecast Bulletin with continent-wide coverage and valid for 3 days;
3.14 Coordination mechanism of data exchange(inter-operability)
ACMAD primary role is to acess to data , collection , data process , develop products, dissemination capacity. ACMAD provide continental watch, develop multiple meteorological products and services and tailoring for policy and planning desk for the risk-informed development planning process for the continental actors.
With having functional interoperability with other regional meteorological centers (RCC) , this center can have access to WMO regional focused centers for building a repository of data hubs for the continent under the WMO protocol. For strengthening the data repository, AMCAD need to have a coherent institutional linkage for following WMO centers;
- ACMAD coordination mechanism with other WMO designated RSMC/RCC for data sharing.
- Establish coordination mechanisms for data exchange with Data Collection or Production Centre (DCPC) e.g. Casablanca
- Coordination with WMO Information System (WIS) for developing and sharing global catalog services on weather information service, data exchange, management, and processing.
- Establish coordination EUMETCast for improving access to nowcasting services.
- Establish coordination with Regional Climate Outlook Forums (RCOFs) to produce consensus-based, user-relevant climate outlook products in real-time to reduce climate-related risks and support sustainable development.
3.15 ACMAD stakeholders, partners are benefitting from ACMAD delivered services
A wide range of partners are benefitting from ACMAD delivered services;
Figure 2 : ACMAD stakeholder map
| Stakeholder | Elaborations |
| AUC | African Union Commission |
| CSO | Community Services Organization |
| CCDU | Climate change & desertification Unit |
| UN | United Nations Agencies |
| ECA | Economic Commission of Africa |
| AfDB | African Development Bank |
| ACPC | African Climate Policy Centers |
| CDSF | Climate Development Special Fund |
| WMO | World Meteriologcail Center |
| RSMC | Regional Specialized Meteorological Center |
| NGO | Non Government Organzation |
| RCC | Regional Meteorological Center |
| NHMS | National Hydrological and Meteorological Services |
| REC | Regional Economic Commission |
| NDMO | National Disaster Management Organizations |
| NGO | Non-Government Organizations |
| CSO | Civil Services Organizations |
ACMAD have coordination with the following regional hubs and entities ;
- Regional Climate Outlook Forums (RCOFs), ECCAS
- New Partnership for Africa’s Development
- (NEPAD), the African Development Bank (AfDB), the World Bank, various intergovernmental organizations (IGOs).
- Various humanitarian agencies — including the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC), the
- UN Agencies: UNDRR, World Food Programme (WFP), the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UNOCHA), UNDP, UNDP, United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), the UN International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR)
- EUMETSAT, WMO, Regional and sub-regional partners
- Commission, the EU Delegations, and relevant International Organizations.
- Academia, R & Organzations
Benefitting Sectors of the continent;
- Agriculture and food security
- Water resource
- Energy production and distribution
- Public health
- Disaster risk reduction and response
- Outreach and communication
- Other sectors such as tourism, transportation, urban planning, etc. are increasingly involved.
WMO Guidelines on Multi-hazard Impact-based Forecast and Warning Services
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This content is strictly being copyrighted by the researcher: Z M Sajjadul Islam, Multi-Hazard Early Warning Expert
For Detailed System design, ICT Technologies, Geospatial & IT Programmatic coding, and other issues related to the Multi-hazard early warning system, please email: zmsajjad@gmail.com , Call at WhatsApp : +88 01711 979179 , Skype : zmsajjad
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