R & D on Disaster Risk Management

Multi-hazard Early Warning System Design & Implementation Center (MHEWC): A Global Platform for Multi-Hazard Early Warning Systems (MHEWS)-Supporting the Global South

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Research & Development on Multi-Hazard Early Warning System (EWS)

  • AI-enabled hazard detection and multi-hazard early warning systems, integrating AI-driven reconnaissance surface observations, IoT sensor-based, and acquisition of crowdsourced weather variables, hazard onset detection, event situational awareness, and hazard hotspot tracking.
  • IoT sensor, AI, UAV, and drone–driven monitoring systems for climate change and multi-hazard exposure, risk, and vulnerability assessment of climate-vulnerable productive sectors, including agriculture, livestock, fisheries, water resources, environment, forests, ecology and biodiversity, and human and food security.
  • IoT sensor, AI, UAV, and drone–enabled rapid post-disaster loss, damage, and needs assessment (RPDNA) to support timely response, recovery planning, and evidence-based decision-making.

Overall Goal

To design, develop, and operationalize a robust, AI- and ICT-driven multi-hazard early warning and disaster risk management system integrating satellite, UAV/Drone, ground sensors, and human intelligence, to minimize losses and damages (L&Ds) and protect vulnerable communities and ecosystems.

Specific Objectives

  • Develop a multi-hazard early warning system (EWS) integrating advanced sensors, AI models, and multi-source data.
  • Design and test an AI-driven Rapid Post-disaster Damage, Loss, and Needs Assessment (RPDNA) system.
  • Conceptualize and prototype a new generation weather satellite system with multi-sensor payloads tailored for hazardous weather and risk element detection.
  • Develop an integrated hazard detection and reconnaissance architecture using UAVs/Drones, satellites, and ground-based sensors.
  • Design and validate AI-supported forecast-driven anticipatory early action protocols for humanitarian and climate frontline actors.
  • Build a unified AI-ICT platform that fuses satellite anomalies, ground sensors, AI alerts, and human observations into a single operational EWS.
  • Develop a monitoring system for environmental degradation and critical ecosystems (sanctuaries, estuaries, reserve forests, ecologically critical areas, agro-ecology).

R&D Components :

Research Package 1: Multi-Hazard Early Warning System (Core R&D)

Focus:
Robust research and development on a multi-hazard EWS that can handle cyclones, floods, landslides, heatwaves, storm surges, wildfires, etc.

Key Tasks:

  • Define priority hazards, risk indicators, and thresholds.
  • Design architecture for real-time data ingestion from:
    • Weather satellites
    • UAV/Drone platforms
    • Ground-based sensors (hydro-met, seismic, air quality, etc.)
    • Human/field reports
  • Develop hazard-specific AI models for:
    • Nowcasting and short-term forecasting
    • Anomaly detection in environmental and weather parameters
  • Integrate outputs into operational dashboards for:
    • Weather Department
    • National Disaster Management Organization (NDMO)
    • Humanitarian coordination centers

Outputs:

  • System architecture & prototype multi-hazard EWS.
  • Algorithms and thresholds for multiple hazard types.
  • Operational guidelines and SOPs for EWS activation.

Research Package 2: AI-Driven Rapid Post-Disaster Damage, Loss, and Needs Assessment (RPDNA)

Focus:
An AI-driven system to conduct Rapid Post-disaster Damage, Loss, and Needs Assessment (RPDNA).

Key Tasks:

  • Use before/after satellite imagery, UAV reconnaissance imagery, and ground photos to:
    • Detect building damage, road blockage, crop loss, and infrastructure disruption.
  • Develop computer vision models for:
    • Change detection
    • Damage classification (none, minor, major, destroyed)
  • Link RPDNA outputs to:
    • Loss & Damage (L&D) estimates
    • Immediate needs (shelter, WASH, health, food, logistics)
  • Create RPDNA dashboards for NDMO, government agencies, and humanitarian clusters.

Outputs:

  • AI-based RPDNA tool and interface.
  • Standardized RPDNA methodology and indicators.
  • Data-sharing protocols with humanitarian actors.

Research Package 3: New Weather Satellite Design with Multi-Sensor Payload

Focus:
New design of weather satellite with installations of multiple sensors for detecting hazardous weather variations and multi-hazard risk elements, capable of sending real-time alerts to the Weather Department and NDMO.

Key Tasks:

  • Define sensor suite:
    • Multispectral/hyperspectral imagers
    • Microwave radiometers
    • Lightning mapper
    • Atmospheric sounders
    • Environmental monitoring bands (aerosols, dust, smoke, ash)
  • Specify performance requirements:
    • Spatial, temporal, and spectral resolution
    • Latency for near-real-time alerts
  • Design onboard AI concepts for:
    • Edge processing
    • Onboard anomaly detection
    • Priority downlink of critical data
  • Integrate alert channels (e.g., direct broadcast to national receiving stations and NDMO).

Outputs:

  • Concept design document for next-generation weather satellite.
  • Sensor requirement specifications for hazardous weather and risk monitoring.
  • Data format and downlink protocol specifications.

Research Package 4: Multi-Platform Hazard Detection (Satellite + UAV/Drone + Recon UAV + Ground Sensors)

Focus:
Research a robust hazard detection system that fuses information from UAV/Drone, Satellite sensors, Reconnaissance UAVs, ground sensors, etc.

Key Tasks:

  • Map the roles of each platform:
    • Satellites – wide-area, continuous monitoring
    • UAV/Drone – high-resolution local reconnaissance
    • Ground sensors – localized, high-precision, real-time data
  • Develop data fusion algorithms for combining:
    • Spaceborne
    • Airborne
    • Ground-based datasets
  • Optimize tasking logic: AI triggers a UAV reconnaissance mission when:
    • Satellite detects anomalies
    • Ground sensor crosses threshold
    • Human observation report is validated

Outputs:

  • Hazard detection and reconnaissance workflow.
  • Data fusion algorithms and operational prototype.
  • Procedures for coordinated satellite–UAV–ground deployment.

Research Package  5: AI-Supported Forecast-Driven Anticipatory Early Action Protocol

Focus:
Conduct research on an AI-system-supported, forecast-driven, precision early warning + anticipatory action protocol, synchronized with risk and vulnerability elements and risk repository databases.

Key Tasks:

  • Build a risk repository database:
    • Exposure (population, housing, infrastructure, crops)
    • Vulnerability (poverty, disability, access to services, protection needs)
    • Historical impact and L&D data
  • Link forecast outputs (probabilistic hazard forecasts) with:
    • Triggers for anticipatory actions
    • Pre-defined response plans and financing windows
  • Design AI decision-support tools that:
    • Propose where, when, and what anticipatory actions should be taken
    • Optimize resource allocation (cash, NFIs, evacuation, protection measures)
  • Co-create protocols with:
    • Humanitarian actors
    • Government agencies
    • Local “climate frontline” communities and organizations

Outputs:

  • Forecast-based financing/early action trigger model.
  • Anticipatory action SOPs and protocol.
  • Risk and vulnerability repository and interface.

Research Package 6: AI-ICT System for Integrated Reconnaissance & Early Warning

Focus:
AI and ICT system design for Reconnaissance (satellite, Drone, UAV, ground-level sensors) of rapidly developing hazardous conditions, synthesizing multiple sources of datasets and building a robust AI-ICT-driven EWS.

Data sources to be synchronized:

  • Satellite-detected parametric anomalies
  • Ground-level sensor anomalies
  • AI-processed and generated alerts
  • Human observation (crowdsourced, field teams)
  • UAV/Drone reconnaissance data

Key Tasks:

  • Design a unified data platform:
    • Real-time ingestion
    • Harmonization and standardization of formats
    • Metadata and quality flags
  • Develop AI engines for:
    • Multi-source anomaly correlation
    • Confidence scoring and false-alarm reduction
    • Automatic generation of coherent alerts and situation summaries
  • Implement role-based dashboards for:
    • Weather Dept, NDMO, line ministries
    • Humanitarian actors and local authorities

Outputs:

  • Integrated AI-ICT EWS platform (prototype).
  • APIs and data-sharing standards.
  • Training materials and capacity-building modules.

Research Package  7: Environmental Degradation and Ecosystem Monitoring System

Focus:
System design for monitoring AI-driven UAV/Drone/sensor-based environmental degradation in:

  • Wildlife sanctuaries
  • Estuaries and coastal zones
  • Reserve forests
  • Ecologically critical areas (ECA)
  • Protected/conservation areas
  • Agro-ecological zones

Key Tasks:

  • Define ecological indicators:
    • Deforestation, land cover change, erosion
    • Wetland shrinkage, salinity intrusion
    • Habitat fragmentation, fire scars
    • Crop health and agro-ecological stress
  • Develop satellite + UAV monitoring workflows:
    • Regular baseline mapping
    • Event-based reconnaissance (e.g., after storms, floods)
  • Design AI models for:
    • Land cover classification
    • Degradation trend analysis
    • Hotspot identification
  • Integrate outputs into EWS as slow-onset hazard signals (e.g., long-term environmental degradation increasing disaster risk).

Outputs:

  • Ecosystem monitoring system prototype.
  • Ecological risk layers integrated into the risk repository.
  • Maps and dashboards for environmental authorities.

  1. Cross-Cutting Themes

  • Data Governance & Interoperability
    Open standards, APIs, and data-sharing agreements among the Weather Dept, NDMO, and humanitarian actors.
  • Ethics, Privacy, and Community Engagement
    Responsible AI, community participation, inclusion of marginalized groups.
  • Capacity Building & Sustainability
    Training for government, local universities, and humanitarian agencies to run and maintain the systems.

Recent Advances in Internet of Things Solutions for Early Warning Systems:  A Review

Figure: Internet of Things Solutions for Early Warning Systems: A Review (by  Marco Esposito ,Lorenzo Palma  ,Alberto Belli ,Luisiana Sabbatini and Paola Pierleoni

 

Technical concept of GITEWS

 

31.05.2026 :: German :: Print  Site: Concept / 

Concept

New scientific processes and innovative technologies distinguish this system from the previous tsunami warning systems. Due to the specific geological situation in Indonesia, the previously used, established tsunami warning systems are not optimal for Indonesia. The earthquakes in the Indian Ocean at Indonesia originate along the Sunda Trench, a subduction zone which extends in an arch from the northwest tip of Sumatra to Flores in eastern Indonesia. If a tsunami originates here, in an extreme case, the waves reach the coast within 20 minutes, so that only very little time remains for an early warning. Therefore, the concept of the entire system was based on this prevailing condition.

Technical concept of GITEWS

Technical Implementation

Due to the local geology, the advance warning time is extremely short. Therefore, an alarm must be triggered within five minutes after a strong earthquake. That is why a new approach was developed, which is primarily based on model-based coupling of seismological data with GPS measurements and level measurements.
More than 300 sensors are distributed across all of Indonesia and supply their data to the warning centre in real time. From this, a newly developed, automated Decision Support System (cf. below Decision Support System DSS) compiles a picture of the situation from this, on the basis of which the decision is made whether to issue an alarm.
Therefore, the following steps are taken in the process:

  • Quake location and strength: Ascertainment with seismological data; all earthquakes (worldwide) are recorded. All earthquakes M≥2 are evaluated in the national warning centre. Earthquake information is basically provided. Tsunami warning alerts are only issued if a tsunami is expected (earthquake magnitude >7).
  • Fracture mechanism: only strong sub-oceanic earthquakes with a distinct vertical component can cause tsunamis. An initial assessment as to whether the ocean floor has moved vertically can be determined using land fixed points (cf. below GPS Shield).
  • Ascertainment of a tsunami: On the coasts and on the offshore islands of Indonesia, tide gauges were installed with GPS components, which monitor the sea level. The data are integrated into the warning process (cf. below GPS Level).
  • Decision-making: within less than five minutes, the decision can be made as to whether a warning needs to be issued and – if so – to which coastal sections (cf. below DSS).

Technical innovation, modernised approach

GITEWS forms the core structure of the InaTEWS Indonesian Tsunami Early Warning System. With the setup of GITEWS, due to the specific conditions of Indonesia, with its extremely short advance warning times, the experiences of the previously existing tsunami early warning systems for the Pacific in the USA and Japan could only be exploited to a limited extent. As a result of this challenge, the newly developed components and procedures and their interaction in GITEWS/InaTEWS make the system one of the most state-of-the-art tsunami early warning systems worldwide.

Seiscomp3

The basic requirement for the early warning system is fast and reliable ascertainment of the site and magnitude of an earthquake. SeisComp3 was developed by the GEOFON working group of the GFZ and can reliably determine earthquake strength and location within around four minutes, even with strong earthquakes. This makes SeisComp3 unique worldwide. GFZ provided this system to the community free of charge, so that all countries bordering the Indian Ocean have implemented this system quasi as standard.

GPS-Shield

Strong quakes cause a considerable horizontal and vertical displacement on the Earth’s surface, which can be several metres long, both horizontally and vertically and can be measured with GPS. Subject to an accordingly dense measurement network, this “GPS Shield”, together with the seismological data, is able to characterise the earthquake fracture within 5 minutes, so that the strength and expansion of a tsunami can be calculated. This new procedure has been made ready for use in GITEWS and is now used as a standard method for tsunami identification in the near field.

GPS Tide Gauges

GPS tide gauges monitor the sea level. The changes in water level caused by a tsunami are recorded and integrated into the warning process. The GITEWS gauges record the changes using three types of sensors: Pressure, radar and floaters and are additionally equipped with GPS receivers to determine a possible vertical displacement of the surface. In the meantime, reliable level data are not only available in Indonesia, but also in other countries bordering the Indian Ocean. The data are also available in public databases of the IOC. Webcams are also installed for observation at individual exposed sections of coastline.

DSS Decision Support System

The Decision Support System is one of the key elements of the warning centre in Jakarta. The results of the sensor data networks merge here, are compared to pre-calculated modelling and thereby create a picture of the situation and propose a warning alert, if necessary, which must then be released by the scientists on duty. If necessary, pre-calculated risk maps can also be displayed for decision-making. The DSS was developed by the German Aerospace Centre (DLR) within the context of the GITEWS.

Modelling System

The situation assessment and generation of warning alerts is based on modelling results. From a small amount of data, which is available within the first approx. 5 minutes after the occurrence of an earthquake (earthquake location, magnitude, information of the GPS Shield, if applicable), an extensive situation status can only be generated using modelling. This takes place, on the one hand, with pre-calculated, high-resolution scenarios in a database and on the other hand (and only in the last few years) through a less high-resolution, but online calculating computer process. In addition to the tsunami calculation (running time to the coast, wave height at the coast), the high-resolution scenarios also contain calculations of the subsequent floods, which is a crucial input factor for all risk assessments and e.g. evacuation measures. This is supplemented with constant updates using the online tool. Therefore, both options (pre-calculated scenarios and online tool) will always be used. The dispatch of the warning alerts by BMKG takes place through various and technically autonomous communication channels and is defined by “standard operating procedures”.

Buoy System

Tsunami buoys (also referred to as tsunameters) are not autonomous WARNING systems. In all tsunami warning systems worldwide, they are MEASUREMENT instruments for the verification of a tsunami. The most important information, namely, the fast earthquake location and magnitude, without which either a simulation or a warning can be generated, can NOT be supplied by buoy systems.
Buoy systems for the direct measurement of a tsunami were initially part of the research concept. The further development of the GPS Shield made it possible to discontinue pursuing the buoy concept. Therefore, buoys have no longer by part of the operational warning system since 2010, so that the high maintenance cost of buoy installations near coastlines can also be omitted.

Chronological sequence of the warning process

The system is based on 300 different land-based sensor systems. The data from these sensors are transferred in real-time to the control room in the warning centre and are aggregated there in the state-of-the-art Decision Support System (DSS) and implemented into a situation status. The warning takes place on the basis of very fast, precise earthquake recording and evaluation, which forms the heart of the warning system. The fast determination of earthquake parameters (location, depth, magnitude) through 160 seismometers on land is the first and most important basis for the tsunami preview through modelling and the generation of a warning alert, which is based on this. The first situation status is then substantiated further through additional data from GPS stations and tide gauges along the coast of Indonesia. The verification of a tsunami takes place with tide gauges, which are also equipped with GPS sensors.

Implementation process

Right from the start, GITEWS was planned with an end-to-end approach. This is comprised of setting up instrument networks for measuring the natural disaster (tsunami, earthquake), the decision-making support on the basis of a modelling system for generating situation assessments, a country-wide risk assessment with the creation of hazard, vulnerability and risk maps and the capacity development with authorities, local decision-makers and administrations, as well as affected local companies and the hotel industry. This work on the various fields of activity was performed in parallel right from the start, whereas constant coordination took place between the fields of activity and the national and international partners involved.

The installation phase of GITEWS was characterised by the development of necessary system components, on the one hand, and by the development of appropriate strategies, information materials, standards and approaches, on the other hand. The BMKG (Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi dan Geofisika), operator of the early warning system, reached the operational status step-by-step and over various phases of setting up the system. During the GITEWS phase (2005 to 2011), a series of German institutions were involved, under the auspices of the German Centre for Geosciences GFZ, whose task was the technical setup of the system. The contributions of other donor countries were integrated. Capacity development measures in the downstream area (Disaster Reduction Strategy) were implemented in pilot regions, in cooperation with the local administrations and the population. The approaches, processes and products, e.g. the

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Please Support Research projects :

Seeking partnerships, collaboration, and support from international donor agencies, global climate foundations, glocal R&D organizations, and global multi-national enterprises to provide financial support for conducting extensive research, robust EWS system design, IT programming, and AI system development.

The Multi-hazard Early Warning System Design & Implementation Center (MHEWC) www.mhewc.org engaged in Research and Development (R&D) to develop L&D assessment tools to quantify the ground-level elements impacted by disasters using GIS, RS (SAR image) & GPS tools, and UAV (drone, aerial photographs) captured elements to compare pre- & post-disaster impact levels and develop a strategy on how to minimize L&Ds. Please finance MHEWC to create the most advanced tools (GIS, RS, GPS, drone/UAV-captured elements, repository database queried by Artificial Intelligence) to support the sector department in minimizing L&Ds.

R&D on hazard detection, automated public alerts, command & control systems on emergency preparedness, evacuation deployment for lifesaving, extent of areas and L&Ds elements, and overall combat readiness(inclusive social participatory dynamics) for addressing multi-hazards, disaster threats, and emergencies.

Pleading for funds from climate funding windows, foundations, multinational companies-led CSRs, the UN, and INGOs, etc., please provide funds to carry out much-needed R&D to detect threats of impending dangerous weather events, instrumentalize the EOC/Command & control room with robust multi-hazard early warning systems, and enhance the hazard-combat readiness of inclusive social-participatory dynamics forces to combat disasters.

Seeking funds for establishing a big complex of the Multi-hazard Early Warning System Design & Implementation Center (MHEWC) 

Research Projects, Strategic Partnerships and Financing Opportunities

Advancing Technology-Enabled Multi-Hazard Early Warning, Loss-and-Damage Assessment and Disaster Preparedness in the Global South

The Multi-Hazard Early Warning System Design & Implementation Center (MHEWC) (www.mhewc.org) is seeking strategic partnerships, technical collaboration and financial support from international donor agencies, multilateral development banks, United Nations organizations, global climate funds, philanthropic foundations, research institutions, universities, technology companies, space agencies and multinational enterprises.

The proposed partnerships will support extensive research, innovative early-warning-system design, geospatial analysis, information-technology programming, artificial-intelligence development, prototype testing and country-level demonstration of advanced tools for climate- and disaster-risk management.

MHEWC particularly seeks collaboration with institutions committed to strengthening the technological and operational capabilities of countries in the Global South, where inadequate observation networks, fragmented risk information, limited technical infrastructure and persistent last-mile communication gaps continue to undermine disaster preparedness and early action.

The proposed research portfolio comprises five interconnected programmes:

  1. AI-enabled disaster Loss and Damage assessment;
  2. Precision hazard detection and multi-hazard monitoring;
  3. Automated public alerting and last-mile warning;
  4. Technology-enabled EOCs, Situation Rooms and decision-support systems; and
  5. Inclusive whole-of-society preparedness and operational readiness.

Research Project 1: AI-Enabled Geospatial Loss and Damage Assessment System

Project purpose

MHEWC proposes to research, design and develop an integrated AI-Enabled Geospatial Loss and Damage Assessment System capable of identifying, mapping, classifying and quantifying elements affected by disasters.

The system will combine:

  • Geographic Information Systems—GIS;

  • Remote sensing;

  • Synthetic Aperture Radar—SAR imagery;

  • High-resolution optical satellite imagery;

  • Global Navigation Satellite Systems and GPS;

  • Unmanned Aerial Vehicles and drones;

  • Aerial photography;

  • Mobile field-survey applications;

  • Ground-based observations;

  • Sectoral administrative databases;

  • Artificial intelligence and machine learning; and

  • Centralized geospatial and attribute databases.

The proposed system will compare pre-disaster baseline conditions with post-disaster satellite, drone and field observations to determine what has been damaged, where the damage has occurred, the severity and spatial extent of the impact, and the populations and economic sectors affected.

Elements to be assessed

The system should support the assessment of impacts on:

  • People, households and communities;

  • Housing and human settlements;

  • Roads, bridges, railways, airports and ports;

  • Schools, hospitals and public buildings;

  • Water-supply and sanitation infrastructure;

  • Electricity and telecommunications networks;

  • Dams, embankments, drainage and irrigation systems;

  • Agricultural land, crops, fisheries and livestock;

  • Commercial and industrial facilities;

  • Forests, wetlands, rivers, coastal zones and ecosystems;

  • Cultural heritage;

  • Community assets and public services;

  • Livelihoods and employment;

  • Internally displaced populations; and

  • Vulnerable groups, including women, children, older persons and persons with disabilities.

Assessment dimensions

The proposed tools should measure:

  • Direct physical damage;

  • Direct and indirect economic losses;

  • Service interruption;

  • Livelihood losses;

  • Environmental damage;

  • Ecosystem-service losses;

  • Non-economic Loss and Damage;

  • Population displacement;

  • Recovery and reconstruction requirements;

  • Changes in vulnerability; and

  • Long-term development consequences.

Technical components

Pre-disaster baseline repository

A national or subnational geospatial repository should be developed containing:

  • Building footprints;

  • Population distribution;

  • Critical infrastructure;

  • Land use and land cover;

  • Agricultural production;

  • Ecosystem assets;

  • Public facilities;

  • Hazard zones;

  • Historical disaster impacts;

  • Social and economic indicators; and

  • Administrative and sectoral boundaries.

Post-disaster change detection

AI-assisted change-detection algorithms should compare pre- and post-event information to identify:

  • Flooded areas;

  • Damaged or destroyed buildings;

  • Disrupted roads and bridges;

  • Landslides and debris;

  • Crop damage;

  • coastline and riverbank changes;

  • Burned areas;

  • damaged utility networks;

  • inaccessible communities; and

  • changes in settlement and displacement patterns.

Field verification

Mobile applications and GPS-enabled survey tools should enable field teams to:

  • Record affected assets;

  • Capture geotagged photographs and videos;

  • Classify damage severity;

  • Verify satellite-derived observations;

  • Record household and livelihood impacts;

  • Work offline where connectivity is unavailable; and

  • Synchronize results with the central database.

AI-queryable risk repository

A controlled AI interface should allow authorized users to ask questions such as:

  • How many people are located within the affected flood zone?

  • Which hospitals and schools are inaccessible?

  • How many kilometres of road may have been damaged?

  • Which agricultural areas have experienced severe crop loss?

  • Which communities have not yet been assessed?

  • What are the estimated sectoral losses?

  • Which locations require immediate field verification?

  • What recovery interventions should be prioritized?

AI-generated outputs should remain traceable to verified source data and include uncertainty levels. Final official Loss and Damage figures must be validated by the responsible sector authorities.

Expected outputs

  • Standardized Loss and Damage assessment methodology;

  • National exposure and asset database structure;

  • GIS-based assessment platform;

  • AI-assisted satellite and UAV change-detection models;

  • Mobile assessment applications;

  • Sector-specific assessment templates;

  • Automated maps, tables and situation reports;

  • Decision-support dashboards;

  • Post-Disaster Needs Assessment support tools;

  • Loss-and-Damage indicator framework;

  • Training packages; and

  • Pilot demonstrations in selected hazard-prone locations.

Long-term outcome

The system will enable governments and sector agencies to move from delayed, fragmented and largely manual assessments toward rapid, consistent, geospatially precise and evidence-based measurement of disaster impacts. The resulting evidence can inform emergency assistance, anticipatory action, recovery planning, reconstruction, risk financing, insurance, Loss and Damage funding proposals and long-term risk-reduction investment.

Research Project 2: Precision Multi-Hazard Detection and Monitoring

MHEWC seeks financing for research and development of an integrated system capable of detecting, tracking and characterizing emerging hazards through the fusion of atmospheric, hydrological, geological, oceanographic, environmental and community-based observations.

Priority research areas

  • AI-assisted satellite-data interpretation;

  • Weather-radar and satellite integration;

  • Automated weather-station networks;

  • Lightning-detection systems;

  • River, rainfall and flood-level monitoring;

  • Soil-moisture and landslide sensors;

  • Coastal tide and storm-surge monitoring;

  • Wildfire and thermal-anomaly detection;

  • Air-quality and hazardous-emission monitoring;

  • Seismic and ground-deformation monitoring;

  • Drone-based rapid reconnaissance;

  • Crowdsourced and community-based observations;

  • Automated anomaly detection;

  • Multi-sensor data fusion; and

  • Compound and cascading-hazard analysis.

Hazards to be addressed

The research will initially focus on:

  • Severe thunderstorms;

  • Extreme rainfall;

  • Flash, riverine and urban flooding;

  • Tropical cyclones;

  • Coastal inundation and storm surge;

  • Lightning, hail and damaging winds;

  • Drought and heatwaves;

  • Landslides;

  • Wildfires;

  • Earthquakes and tsunamis;

  • Volcanic hazards;

  • Air pollution;

  • Epidemics;

  • Industrial and technological emergencies; and

  • Compound and cascading disaster risks.

Precision-monitoring objectives

The proposed system should progressively determine:

  • What hazard is developing;

  • Where it is developing;

  • How quickly it is intensifying;

  • Where and when it may have an impact;

  • How severe the event could become;

  • Which populations and assets are exposed;

  • What consequences are likely; and

  • What actions should be initiated before impact.

Expected outputs

  • Multi-hazard monitoring architecture;

  • Integrated observation-data platform;

  • AI-assisted anomaly-detection models;

  • Hazard-specific threshold models;

  • Real-time dashboards;

  • Forecast and observation integration tools;

  • Automated hazard maps;

  • Impact-estimation algorithms;

  • Pilot warning services; and

  • Operational guidance for national institutions.

Research Project 3: Automated Public Alerting and Last-Mile Warning System

MHEWC proposes to develop an inclusive, interoperable and multi-channel public-alerting system that can transform authorized technical warnings into clear, targeted and actionable messages.

Proposed system functions

The platform should:

  • Receive official warnings from authorized agencies;

  • Identify the geographic area at risk;

  • Link the warning to population and exposure information;

  • Generate standardized warning messages;

  • Translate messages into national and local languages;

  • Include hazard, severity, timing, location, likely impact and required action;

  • Disseminate warnings simultaneously through multiple channels;

  • Record when and where messages were transmitted;

  • Track delivery and acknowledgment where technically possible;

  • Collect feedback from communities; and

  • identify locations where warnings were not received.

Warning channels

  • Cell broadcast;

  • SMS;

  • Smartphone applications;

  • Radio and television;

  • Social-media platforms;

  • Websites and email;

  • Sirens and public-address systems;

  • Satellite communication;

  • Digital roadside displays;

  • Community volunteers;

  • Local-government networks;

  • Religious and traditional institutions; and

  • Accessible formats for persons with hearing, visual, intellectual or mobility-related disabilities.

Research areas

  • Common Alerting Protocol integration;

  • Geographically targeted alerts;

  • Automated multilingual translation;

  • AI-assisted message simplification;

  • Warning-message personalization;

  • Warning verification and approval workflows;

  • False-alarm reduction;

  • Delivery confirmation;

  • Telecommunication redundancy;

  • Community trust and behavioral response;

  • Protection against misinformation; and

  • Performance measurement at the last mile.

The system must preserve human and institutional authority. AI may help prepare, translate and route messages, but authorized institutions must retain responsibility for approving high-consequence public warnings.

Research Project 4: Technology-Enabled National Situation Room and EOC

MHEWC seeks support to design and pilot an integrated, ICT- and AI-enabled National Situation Room and Emergency Operations Centre capable of continuous multi-hazard monitoring, decision support, warning coordination and emergency management.

Proposed capabilities

  • Continuous hazard and threat monitoring;

  • Centralized climate and disaster-risk repository;

  • Real-time GIS and geospatial visualization;

  • Satellite, radar and sensor-data integration;

  • Impact-based forecasting;

  • AI-assisted anomaly detection;

  • Automated threshold monitoring;

  • Incident reporting and verification;

  • Common Operational Picture;

  • Emergency activation workflows;

  • Decision, task and resource tracking;

  • Evacuation planning;

  • Shelter and safe-route management;

  • Emergency logistics;

  • Public-warning coordination;

  • Situation-report generation;

  • Loss-and-damage tracking;

  • Recovery monitoring; and

  • National–subnational EOC networking.

Proposed ICT architecture

The platform should incorporate:

  • Enterprise GIS;

  • Spatial and attribute databases;

  • Data warehouse or data lake;

  • API gateway;

  • Sensor-integration platform;

  • Incident-management application;

  • AI and machine-learning services;

  • Decision-support dashboards;

  • Document and knowledge-management systems;

  • Mobile field applications;

  • Secure video conferencing;

  • Radio and satellite communications;

  • Backup power and connectivity;

  • Cybersecurity controls; and

  • A geographically separate disaster-recovery facility.

Emergency preparedness and evacuation deployment

The system should support:

  • Identification of populations requiring evacuation;

  • Estimation of evacuation time;

  • Selection of safe routes;

  • Mapping of shelters and available capacity;

  • Assignment of transportation;

  • Deployment of search-and-rescue teams;

  • Pre-positioning of food, water, medicines and emergency supplies;

  • Tracking of evacuation progress;

  • Identification of communities that remain at risk; and

  • Monitoring of shelter conditions and essential services.

Research Project 5: Inclusive Whole-of-Society Disaster Preparedness

Technology alone cannot create an effective early-warning system. MHEWC therefore proposes research and field experimentation on the institutional, social and behavioral conditions required to transform warning information into timely protective action.

The phrase “hazard-combat readiness” should be understood as comprehensive preparedness and operational readiness to confront severe disaster threats—not as militarization of disaster management.

Research themes

  • Public understanding of warning messages;

  • Community trust in warning authorities;

  • Household preparedness;

  • Community evacuation behavior;

  • Gender-responsive early warning;

  • Disability-inclusive communication;

  • Protection of children and older persons;

  • Local volunteer networks;

  • Indigenous and local knowledge;

  • Youth participation;

  • Private-sector preparedness;

  • School and hospital readiness;

  • Local-government emergency capacity;

  • Community-based observation;

  • Social-media information verification;

  • Risk perception and behavioral change; and

  • Simulation and exercise methodology.

Whole-of-society operational network

The research should develop a nested preparedness system connecting:

  • National government;

  • Sector ministries;

  • Technical agencies;

  • Subnational and local governments;

  • Emergency services;

  • Humanitarian organizations;

  • Private companies;

  • Mobile-network operators;

  • Universities;

  • Civil-society organizations;

  • Women’s and disability organizations;

  • Community leaders;

  • Households; and

  • Individuals.

Expected outputs

  • Inclusive warning-communication framework;

  • Community preparedness guidelines;

  • Local emergency and evacuation protocols;

  • Volunteer training packages;

  • School and hospital preparedness modules;

  • Gender and disability inclusion standards;

  • Simulation and exercise toolkits;

  • Community feedback mechanisms; and

  • Readiness-assessment indicators.

Establishment of the MHEWC Research and Innovation Complex

MHEWC seeks catalytic investment for the establishment of a permanent Multi-Hazard Early Warning System Research, Design and Implementation Complex.

The proposed complex would function as an international centre of excellence supporting research, prototype development, technical training, system demonstration and country-level assistance, particularly for climate-vulnerable and disaster-prone countries in the Global South.

Proposed facilities

Climate and Multi-Hazard Risk Intelligence Centre

A centre for integrating atmospheric, hydrological, geological, environmental, socioeconomic and geospatial risk information.

GIS, Remote Sensing and UAV Laboratory

A laboratory for satellite-image processing, SAR analysis, drone surveys, disaster mapping, exposure assessment and post-disaster change detection.

Artificial Intelligence and Data Science Laboratory

A secure computing environment for AI development, machine learning, database programming, predictive modelling, automated classification and risk analytics.

Early-Warning Systems Engineering Laboratory

A facility for designing, testing and integrating sensors, telemetry, sirens, communication systems, public-alerting technology and field monitoring equipment.

EOC and Situation Room Simulation Centre

A fully instrumented emergency-coordination environment where countries can test Common Operational Pictures, activation protocols, evacuation planning, incident management and emergency communication.

Climate-Risk Repository and Data Centre

A resilient data infrastructure for storing hazard, exposure, vulnerability, impact, Loss and Damage, early-warning and emergency-management data.

Drone and Aerial Observation Unit

A facility for UAV operation, sensor testing, pilot training, emergency reconnaissance and post-disaster assessment.

Training and Capacity-Development Academy

A specialized academy for government officials, NMHS personnel, emergency managers, GIS analysts, ICT professionals, humanitarian practitioners and community organizations.

Innovation and Prototype Workshop

A technical space for assembling, testing and improving low-cost sensors, communication devices, field equipment and early-warning prototypes.

International Collaboration and Conference Centre

A platform for research exchanges, technical workshops, policy dialogue, innovation challenges and joint project development.

Funding requirements

MHEWC invites financing for:

  • Land acquisition and construction of the proposed complex;

  • Laboratory and Situation Room equipment;

  • High-performance computing and data-storage infrastructure;

  • Satellite and remote-sensing data;

  • GIS and database development;

  • AI research and programming;

  • Sensor and communication-system prototyping;

  • Drone and aerial-survey equipment;

  • Software development;

  • Pilot projects and country demonstrations;

  • Research personnel and technical experts;

  • Fellowships and academic partnerships;

  • Training and simulation exercises;

  • Cybersecurity and backup infrastructure;

  • Community-based research; and

  • Long-term operation and maintenance.

Partnership modalities

Potential partners may support MHEWC through:

  • Research grants;

  • Climate and disaster-risk financing;

  • Corporate social-responsibility funding;

  • Technology donations;

  • Software, satellite-data and cloud-service credits;

  • Joint research programmes;

  • University partnerships;

  • Sponsored laboratories;

  • Equipment grants;

  • Expert secondments;

  • Fellowship programmes;

  • Challenge funds and innovation competitions;

  • Country-level demonstration projects;

  • Public–private partnerships; and

  • Endowment or institutional-development support.

Potential partnership institutions include:

  • United Nations organizations;

  • Multilateral development banks;

  • Bilateral development agencies;

  • Global climate funds;

  • Humanitarian donors;

  • Philanthropic foundations;

  • Space and satellite agencies;

  • Universities and research centres;

  • Telecommunications companies;

  • Geospatial and technology companies;

  • Insurance and risk-financing institutions;

  • International NGOs; and

  • Multinational corporations with climate, technology or humanitarian CSR programmes.

Call for strategic investment

MHEWC respectfully calls upon international donors, climate-finance institutions, philanthropic foundations, United Nations organizations, multinational companies, research institutions and technology partners to invest in this urgently needed research agenda.

This request should not be considered merely as a request to purchase equipment or construct a physical facility. It is an invitation to help establish a globally relevant research and innovation capability that can translate scientific knowledge, geospatial intelligence, artificial intelligence, advanced observation and community participation into practical systems for saving lives and reducing disaster Loss and Damage.

Supporting MHEWC will contribute to the development of advanced but locally applicable technologies for countries that face severe climate and multi-hazard risks while possessing limited institutional, technical and financial capacity. The proposed investment will help governments and communities move from reactive disaster response toward risk-informed prevention, precision warning, anticipatory action, operational preparedness and resilient recovery.

MHEWC welcomes global partners to jointly design, finance, test and scale these innovations under a Whole-of-Earth, Whole-of-Society framework for collective climate security and planetary de-risking.